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- 竹笛类：笛子，音色清脆明亮，表现力丰富，常用于民间音乐与戏曲伴奏，通过笛膜振动发声，技巧如吐音、滑音等可展现多样风格。
- 箫类：箫（Xiao，Vertical Bamboo Flute），音色柔和圆润、幽静典雅，适奏舒缓旋律，其形制直吹、音孔有六或八等，常表哀怨、思念等情。
- 笙类：笙（Sheng，Mouth Organ），历史久，可同时发多音，音色独特融合性强，为传统乐队和声支撑，音域广，指法技巧多样。
- 唢呐类：唢呐（Suona），音量大、音色嘹亮高亢，具强穿透力与表现力，于庆典、祭祀等场合常用，演奏风格热烈欢快或婉转悲怆。
- 葫芦丝类：葫芦丝（Hulusi，Gourd Flute），云南少数民族特色乐器，音色柔美，常用于演奏抒情旋律，主管与附管组合发声，指法简易富民族风格。
- Bamboo Flute Category: The flute produces a clear and bright tone with rich expressiveness. It is commonly used in folk music and opera accompaniment. Sound is generated through the vibration of the flute membrane, and techniques like tonguing and gliding can present diverse styles.
- Xiao Category: Xiao (Vertical Bamboo Flute) has a soft, mellow, and elegant timbre, suitable for playing gentle melodies. Its structure is designed for direct blowing, with six or eight sound holes, often expressing emotions such as sorrow and longing.
- Sheng Category: Sheng (Mouth Organ), with a long history, can produce multiple sounds simultaneously. Its unique timbre has strong fusion ability and provides harmonic support in traditional orchestras. It has a wide range and various fingering techniques.
- Suona Category: Suona is characterized by its high volume, bright and sonorous timbre, strong penetrating power, and expressiveness. It is frequently used in celebrations, sacrifices, and other occasions, with playing styles ranging from lively and cheerful to gentle and mournful.
- Hulusi Category: Hulusi (Gourd Flute), a characteristic instrument of Yunnan ethnic minorities, has a gentle and beautiful timbre, often used for playing lyrical melodies. The combination of the main pipe and the attached pipes generates sound, and its fingering is simple and rich in ethnic style.
- 二胡：二胡（Erhu，Two – Stringed Fiddle），琴筒蒙蟒皮，靠弓毛摩擦琴弦发声，音色柔美圆润、近人声，表现力强，可细腻抒情或宏大叙事，演奏技巧繁多。
- Erhu: Erhu (Two – Stringed Fiddle) has a python skin-covered sound box. Sound is produced by the friction of the bow hair against the strings. Its timbre is soft, mellow, and close to the human voice, with strong expressiveness, capable of both delicate lyricism and grand narration. It has numerous playing techniques.
- 古筝：古筝（Guzheng，Chinese Zither），弦多音域宽，音色优美华丽，按五声音阶定弦，适独奏、合奏与伴奏，指法如勾、托、抹丰富表现力。
- 琵琶：琵琶（Pipa，Chinese Lute），音域宽广、音色多变，能文能武，文曲抒情细腻，武曲气势磅礴，演奏技巧含弹挑、轮指等具高难度。
- 古琴：古琴（Guqin，Seven – Stringed Chinese Zither），文化内涵深厚，音色古朴纯净、韵味悠长，追求意境，演奏技法独特，具减字谱传承千年。
- 阮：阮（a plucked string instrument），形似月琴而颈长，音色圆润柔和、醇厚丰满，于乐队合奏或伴奏出色，中阮、大阮常用，有弹、挑、滚等技巧。
- 月琴：月琴（Yueqin，Four – Stringed Moon – Shaped Chinese Lute），音色清脆明亮，在京剧等戏曲伴奏关键，与京胡、京二胡配合紧密，依剧种风格差异在形制与定弦有别。
- Guzheng: Guzheng (Chinese Zither) has many strings and a wide range. Its beautiful and gorgeous timbre, tuned according to the pentatonic scale, is suitable for solo, ensemble, and accompaniment. Fingering techniques like hooking, plucking, and wiping enrich its expressiveness.
- Pipa: Pipa (Chinese Lute) has a wide range and variable timbre, capable of both gentle and powerful performances. Soft pieces are delicate and emotional, while powerful ones are majestic. Playing techniques include picking, rolling, etc., with high difficulty.
- Guqin: Guqin (Seven – Stringed Chinese Zither) has profound cultural connotations. Its simple and pure timbre and long-lasting charm pursue artistic conception. Its unique playing techniques and the ancient tablature have been passed down for thousands of years.
- Ruan: Ruan (a plucked string instrument) resembles Yueqin but has a longer neck. Its timbre is round, soft, mellow, and full, excellent for orchestra ensemble or accompaniment. Medium Ruan and Large Ruan are commonly used, with techniques like plucking and rolling.
- Yueqin: Yueqin (Four – Stringed Moon – Shaped Chinese Lute) has a clear and bright timbre, crucial in opera accompaniment like Peking Opera, closely cooperating with Jinghu and Jing Erhu. There are differences in shape and tuning according to different opera styles.
- 锣类：锣（Gong，Cymbal），形制多样、大小不一，音色宏亮雄浑，用于戏曲、民间音乐等增添气氛、强化节奏，演奏依节奏需求与音乐情境选不同型号与敲击法。
- 鼓类：鼓（Gu，Drum），种类繁多如堂鼓、板鼓等，音色或深沉厚重或清脆响亮，是节奏基石，于合奏、独奏、舞蹈伴奏等不可或缺，演奏技巧含击鼓心、边、槌法变化等丰富节奏。
- 钹类：钹（Cymbals），两片金属对击发声，音色响亮干脆，常与锣、鼓配合，于民间吹打乐、戏曲锣鼓中重要，不同钹依场合音乐风格选，演奏有闷击、亮击等法。
- 木鱼类：木鱼（Wooden Fish），仿鱼形木制，音色短促清脆，在佛教音乐及民间器乐合奏作节奏乐器，大小木鱼组合可丰富节奏层次，演奏依节奏型敲击不同部位。
- 梆子类：梆子（Bangzi，Wooden Clappers），木质敲击发声，音色坚实响亮，为梆子腔戏曲特色乐器，掌控节奏、烘托气氛，依剧种地域差异在形制与演奏法有别，常与板胡等配合。
- Gong Category: Gong (Cymbal), with various shapes and sizes, has a loud and majestic timbre. It is used in opera and folk music to enhance the atmosphere and strengthen the rhythm. Different models and striking methods are selected according to rhythm requirements and musical situations.
- Gu Category: Gu (Drum), with numerous varieties such as Tanggu and Banggu, has timbres ranging from deep and thick to clear and bright. It is the foundation of rhythm, indispensable in ensemble, solo, and dance accompaniment. Playing techniques include hitting the drum center or edge, and variations in drumstick methods enrich the rhythm.
- Cymbals Category: Cymbals produce sound by striking two metal pieces together. The timbre is loud and crisp, often used in conjunction with gongs and drums. They play an important role in folk wind and percussion music and opera gongs and drums. Different cymbals are chosen according to occasions and musical styles, with playing methods like muffled and bright strikes.
- Wooden Fish Category: Wooden Fish, made of wood in the shape of a fish, has a short and crisp timbre. It serves as a rhythm instrument in Buddhist music and folk instrumental ensembles. Combinations of different sizes of wooden fish can enrich the rhythm hierarchy, and it is played by striking different parts according to the rhythm pattern.
- Bangzi Category: Bangzi (Wooden Clappers) produce sound by wood knocking. The timbre is firm and loud, being a characteristic instrument in Bangzi opera. It controls the rhythm and heightens the atmosphere. There are differences in shape and playing methods due to regional variations of the opera, often used in conjunction with instruments like Banhu.